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We present an overview of the evolution and diversity in Gossypium
(the cotton genus). This framework facilitates insight into fundamental aspects
of plant biology, provides the necessary underpinnings for effective utilization
of cotton genetic resources, and guides exploration of the genomic basis of
morphological diversity in the genus. More than 50 species of Gossypium are
distributed in arid to semi-arid regions of the tropics and subtropics. Included
are four species that independently have been domesticated for their fiber, two
each in Africa-Asia and the Americas. Gossypium species exhibit extraordinary morphological variation, ranging from trailing herbaceous perennials to
15 m trees with a diverse array of reproductive and vegetative characteristics.