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According to Tilman (1982), all things
consumed by an organism are resources
for it. But consumed does not simply
mean ‘eaten’. Bees and squirrels do not eat holes, but a hole that
is occupied is no longer available to another bee or squirrel, just
as an atom of nitrogen, a sip of nectar or a mouthful of acorn are
no longer available to other consumers. Similarly, females that
have already mated may be unavailable to other mates. All these
things have been consumed in the sense that the stock or supply
has been reduced. Thus, resources are entities required by an organism, the quantities of which can be reduced by the activity of the
organism.