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Plants have reproductive systems that are more variable than those in most animals. In
many plants, both sexual and asexual means of reproduction are possible. The
combination of both means of reproduction can be highly advantageous for plants,
especially for perennials. When sexual reproduction is prevented or averted, either by
physical damage to the plants or by unfavorable environmental conditions, perennials
usually can persist vegetatively until conditions are favorable for sexual reproduction.
The main advantage of sexual reproduction is that it provides an opportunity for
organisms to produce new combinations of genes or to pass on to succeeding
generations new mutations that might be highly adaptive to changing environments or to
other conditions. Recombination occurs through the reassortment of parental genes
during meiosis and subsequent combination of those genes during fertilization.